Bovine TMB Essay Example For Students

Cow-like TMB Essay Cow-like Tuberculosis Mycobacterium bovis (Bovine Tuberculosis) (or cattleTuberculosis) was first found by Columella (Louis Junius ModeratusColumella) which was conceived in Cadiz, Spain and lived in Northern Italy when hediscovered the cow-like Tuberculosis in the year 14 A D. In 1882 Robert Kochdiscovered that the association among human and creature Tuberculosis actuallywere set up. At the point when Koch understood that kids were turning out to be tainted fromcontaminated cows milk most countries brought out lawful instruments planned toremove incessantly contaminated creatures and investigate the general wellbeing aspectof the issue. The Disease Mycobacterium bovis is the bacterium that causesbovine Tuberculosis. It shows itself in domesticated animals (particularly in cows andhogs) and it has likewise influenced natural life, for example, White Tailed Deer, Bear,Coyotes, Raccoons, and Bobcat in the northeastern piece of the Lower Peninsula ofMichigan. From 1995 to 1999 17,721 d eer from six regions (Alpena, Montmorency,Oscoda, Alcona, Presque Ile, and Otsego) in Michigan were taken and analyzed andto date just 228 deer, 1 bear, 5 coyotes, 2 raccoons, and 1 catamount have testedpositive for cow-like Tuberculosis. In a similar region there was likewise 3 groups ofcattle contaminated with the ailment. This ailment is likewise known all over thecountry and the world from Australia to New Zealand to the United Kingdom. Themost likely approach to spread the ailment in the wild is the wildcat, coyotes,raccoons, and bear eating the lungs and lymph hubs of contaminated creatures. Thereare three principle sorts of ox-like Tuberculosis: human (MycobacteriumTuberculosis)which can influence people and can be transmitted to hounds, cats,cattle, pigs, goats, sheep, and most some other well evolved creature on earth, bovine(Mycobacterium bovis) which influences creatures and can be transmitted to humans(but it is uncommon this may occur), avian (Mycobacterium avian comple x)which principally impact just flying creatures yet sometimes there has been a few cases inwhich dairy cattle and swines have been tainted with the avian Tuberculosis. Thetwo-mammalian sorts are all the more firmly identified with one another then the avian kind. The maladies nearness in people has been diminished thus in theeradication program, propels in sanitation and cleanliness, the disclosure ofeffective medications, and purification of milk. There is another minor sort ofbovine Tuberculosis, which is as microti (Mycobacterium Microti) which affectsrodents. Mycobacterium Tuberculosis is the most host explicit of the three majortypes of Tuberculosis, once in a while being transmitted to different winged creatures (Mycobacteriumavian), or warm blooded creatures (Mycobacterium bovis). Ox-like Tuberculosis is the mostinfectious sort of Tuberculosis it contaminates most warm-blooded creatures to includehumans. Condition Bovine Tuberculosis can just live for just half a month outside of the hosts body since it can not deal with the presentation of the heat,direct daylight, or incredibly dry conditions. Cow-like Tuberculosis will survivelonger under cool to chilly, sodden, and dim conditions. The main spot theMycobacterium will develop (outsid e of the host) is on a culture plate, where thebacteria will duplicate at a moderate pace of about at regular intervals or something like that. Astime goes on, ox-like Tuberculosis is an infection that take numerous months or may takemany years to create or may lie torpid in the hosts body for a lifetime. Ifthe illness doesn't get torpid, in natural life and in domesticated animals it will leavemultiple tan or yellow protuberances on the rib enclosure or yellow sores on the lungsabout the size of a pea. Transmission Bovine Tuberculosis is a ceaseless, highlycontagious and irresistible malady brought about by a few microorganisms of theMycobacterium family (tubercles) which it first influences the respiratory systemand the lymph hubs and might be found in any organ or body cavity. There areseveral various ways for animals to get the malady; one is airborneexposure from hacking and sniffling, (which is the most regular approach to contractthe illness) which the hazard is a lot higher in encased territories, for example, outbuildings. .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 , .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .postImageUrl , .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .focused content zone { min-stature: 80px; position: relative; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 , .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:hover , .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:visited , .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:active { border:0!important; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .clearfix:after { content: ; show: table; clear: both; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 { show: square; change: foundation shading 250ms; webkit-progress: foundation shading 250ms; width: 100%; obscurity: 1; change: mistiness 250ms; webkit-progress: murkiness 250ms; foundation shading: #95A5A6; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:active , .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:hover { haziness: 1; change: darkness 250ms; webkit-progress: darkness 250ms; foundation shading: #2C3E50; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .focused content zone { width: 100%; position: relative; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .ctaText { outskirt base: 0 strong #fff; shading: #2980B9; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: striking; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; text-design: underline; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .postTitle { shading: #FFFFFF; text dimension: 16px; textual style weight: 600; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; width: 100%; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77 .ctaButton { foundation shading: #7F8C8D!important; shading: #2980B9; fringe: none; fringe sweep: 3px; box-shadow: none; text dimension: 14px; text style weight: intense; line-tallness: 26px; moz-outskirt range: 3px; text-adjust: focus; text-beautification: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-tallness: 80px; foundation: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/modules/intelly-related-posts/resources/pictures/straightforward arrow.png)no-rehash; position: total; right: 0; top: 0; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:hover .ctaButton { foundation shading: #34495E!important; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d44 0c964ecd77 .focused content { show: table; tallness: 80px; cushioning left: 18px; top: 0; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77-content { show: table-cell; edge: 0; cushioning: 0; cushioning right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-adjust: center; width: 100%; } .u81e4dd5e9678418a599d440c964ecd77:after { content: ; show: square; clear: both; } READ: Elephantiasis I Did My Report On Filariasis, Which Is More Commonly Kn EssayAnother approach to be tainted is the utilization of polluted food, water, ormilk, from contaminated creatures scouring on a post or wire and another creature rubsagainst a similar territory, likewise utilizing tainted dairy cattle trailers or transportvehicles, and dodge association and contact with different crowds. EradicationProgram The best method to deal with the issue of cow-like Tuberculosis inhumans is to annihilate it in domesticated animals. The destruction program started in 1917,the helpful state-government Tuberculosis annihilation program, which w asadministered by the U.S. Branch of Agriculture (USDA) Animal and PlantHealth Inspection Service (APHIS). All steers groups were tried, and all of thecattle that tried positive for cow-like Tuberculosis were sent to theslaughterhouse. After the creatures were butchered the premises were cleaned anddisinfected after the creatures were evacuated. Because of the eradicationprogram, the pace of tainted dairy cattle were diminished by roughly 5% tocurrently under 0.02%. The human Tuberculosis additionally was reducedsignificantly. The ongoing flood of human Tuberculosis is expected M. Tuberculosis. Today, there is a low pace of cow-like Tuberculosis cases in people. State orFederal meat examiners check the organs and organs of steers and hoards and insome cases untamed life for indications of ox-like Tuberculosis. On the off chance that these overseers findany sores or different indications of cow-like Tuberculosis, tissue tests are taken andsent to APHIS, National Veterinarian Services Laboratories in Aimes, IA, forconfirmation. On the off chance that the research facility affirms that the injuries are a consequence of bovineTuberculosis, an endeavor to find the domesticated animals from where it originallycame from and to discover the crowd that the tainted dairy cattle were associated with,then a Tuberculin PPD (Purified Protein Derivative) (Bovine) test will beadministered to the entirety of the group. In the event that the group is contaminated with bovineTuberculosis the remainder of the crowd will be taken to the slaughterhouse to bedestroyed. In the event that the entir e group can not be dispensed with it is held under quarantineand tried over and over until all proof of contamination is disposed of. Veterinarians likewise attempt to discover the date that the crowd was presumably contaminated. At that point they attempt to follow all dairy cattle that moved into or out of the influenced herdand attempt to discover where the disease presumably began and where it may havegone and where it may be going. Testing A skin test is the most dependable wayto distinguish cow-like Tuberculosis in dairy cattle. In the event that dairy cattle have been tainted orexposed to ox-like Tuberculosis a response will happen at the test site on theskin. (So far to date there is no compelling immunization or drugs for treatmentfor wild creatures). On the off chance that a response happens an extra test is required toidentify which sort of Tuberculosis that the creature is contaminated with. Once thetype is recognized you would utilize a clean fluid containing protein derivativesfrom a warmth executed Mycobacterium bovis (Strain A 5), which is developed on asynthetic medium. In the event that the test brought about the ox-like Tuberculosis you would usethe Tuberculin PPD (Purified Protein Derivati ve) (Bovine). Retesting Retestingmay just be done at any rate 60 days after the last infusion of Tuberculin PPD wasadministered. This applies to either the intradermal caudal overlap test or acomparative test was finished. Measurement and Administration Use the singleintradermal test (skin test). Give a solitary intradermal 0.1-ml infusion ofTuberculin PPD (cow-like) (The immunization ought to be put away somewhere in the range of 2 and 8 degreesCelsius, yet don't freeze and keep it out of the light). The ca

Comparing Jack and Macbeth

Contrasting Jack and Macbeth Jack is a definitive kid whose initiative ascribes was utilized to control the others as opposed to give request. He needs unlimited authority, by utilizing his prevalence and savage-Like ways. At the point when the clan was made, It works out of dread, however It Is this clan that wins. At the point when Jack can no longer control his desire for administration, the clan Is made, which affects all the young men. Through this character, Gilding shows how the shrewd side of society prospers.While the savages were flourishing while the rare sorts of people who stayed humanized were experiencing outrageous starvation, and instructed. Jack is by all accounts a force hungry person. Jack quickly gets responsible for the trackers that needed to assemble the meat for the entire gathering. Their eagerness chooses to chase a pig, and this is when Jack shows his savage character. Before beginning to chase a pig Jack arranges the trackers to paint their own appearance s with mud in a local way. This all portends the savage that is going to degenerate the island. Jack shows a disposition towards life that is appeared by the individuals that prevail in the world.With his rescue mentality he Is empowering forcefulness, and keeping up his ewer and regard from the remainder of the gathering. He becomes distrustful that Ralph and Piggy are against him and feeds falsehood to his clan, in order to keep them on his side. Jack Is the direct inverse, speaking to the detestable that lies In the hearts of all humankind. He dynamically develops progressively twisted and malevolent supposedly on, in the end coordinating the demise of Simon and Piggy. Macbeth is likewise comparable in light of the fact that he turned insidiousness by tuning in to the seething desire inside his own personality.Macbeth let himself be controlled by the three witches, and permitting him to be affected by his better half's similarly seething aspiration, this caused numerous issues li ke a feeling of remorse. It was because of the abhorrence inside him and his significant other, just as underhanded embodied in the three witches that Macbeth slaughtered his own lord, two gatekeepers who simply attempted to carry out their Responsibility of ensuring the ruler, his closest companion Banquet, and Macadam's unprotected family. Furthermore, that insidious drove him to welcome torment and enduring on a mass scale to the whole Scottish nation.In end Macbeth evilness was brought about by their desire to be pioneers, and vanishing of sound reasoning, which caused issues with themselves inside, and influenced others. Macbeth is an extremely egocentric, eager for power pioneer. He begins by being a faithful adherent to his lord, reluctant to act against Duncan. Macbeth has the desire yet does not have the drive to do what is important. Be that as it may, after he becomes ruler, this disposition changes enormously. He becomes like a tyrant. Had Macbeth been a decent, capable pioneer, the rebel against him by Macadam, would not have been so fierce.Macbeth turns out to be extremely glad, on account of his bogus predictions. He debases the individuals who express dread or concern, and e waves off significant Information given to him. His entire concern is keeping his capacity at all expense. He's so self-included and prepared to bargain his ethics to excel. Macbeth realizes that Macadam Is attempting to restrict him so he recruits individuals to slaughter Macadam's family. No popularity based pioneer would do that, so Macbeth Is exhibit that he won't show kindness toward the individuals who attempt to contradict him, Leadership Increases for Macbeth on the grounds that not just he was fruitful in slaughtering the ruler however he got the seat. N definitive administration approach. Macbeth execute others that can turn into a danger o him which shows that he can do substantially more than he appeared, yet can't confide in individuals. He murdered Macadam's f amily to show his drive. Macbeth is progressively resolved to achieve his objectives and settle on choices all alone. Macbeth is being a pioneer by settling on his own choice, yet he doesn't tuning in to any other individual's information which can settle on his choice uneven. This sort of authority can at last be ruinous as a result of awful choices, and his drive has prompted a malevolent way. He is substantially more emphatic than before.Macbeth exemplified more assurance and vitality; anyway a genuine pioneer isn't Just amazing and solid. Macbeth seemed to be progressively gutsy when he said that he doesn't fear anybody and will slaughter anybody that holds him up. At the point when he says this he is by all accounts more self-important than certain. Macbeth shows a need certainty since he feels that to be protected he needs to kill everybody. In the event that he were certain, at that point he would not want to hurt anybody. Regardless of everything, he keeps on remaining posit ive and is resolved to do whatever he needs to do; so as to keep up his leadership.Macbeth on the there hand shows administration, anyway in a significantly more negative way. Jack then again is like Macbeth since Jack is a despotic dictator. He beats a kid for reasons unknown other than to apply his control over the young men. He understands the stuff to get power and to keep power. He leads through dread and terrorizing, Jack is likewise a decent controller. He realizes what the young men both dread and need to hear. Not at all like Ralph who wants a useful society, Jack implores on the young men's ruinous basic instincts.The young men need to be determined what to do instead of essentially contribute together; hello want to live in dread under a pioneer that they see as an amazing defender. In this sense Jack is surely a more successful pioneer than Ralph. Jack can be controlling. One model is when Ralph solicited his trackers to take care from the fire however Jack didn't need t hat and he took the trackers to chase since that is the thing that he needed them to do. Another model is the point at which he takes a decision in favor of the following boss. Nobody votes in favor of him however he sets up his own clan in any case. Jack's reiteration of malice is entirely noteworthy. He drives the fierce butcher of a pigs, and Simon.

The Minimalists Are Building a School

The Minimalists Are Building a School We first met Tyson Adams  last year when  he traveled several days  from Paksong, Laos, to  tell his story  at Misfit Con, a private conference  in Fargo, North Dakota. Tyson took the microphone, cleared his throat, and explained how  he had radically simplified his life. A few years ago, he shoved all his possessions into a storage locker on the outskirts of Seattle, reduced  his belongings  to a few bags, and then moved to Laos, where he started Jhai Coffee,  the world’s first completely philanthropic coffee roaster and cafe, located at the source. Jhais  mission: educate coffee farmers about  specialty growing practices, purchase coffee directly from farmers at higher-than-Fair Trade prices, and invest 100% of Jhais  profits into building clean-water and hygiene solutions at schools within the community. Tyson talked about why hed felt drawn to Laos, exposing an uncomfortable history many of us have long forgotten. As a part of its efforts during the Vietnam War, the U.S. dropped an average of one planeload of cluster bombs on Laos every eight minutes, 24 hours a day, for nine straight years. This makes Laos the most heavily bombed country (per capita) in the world.  A third of these bombs did not explode and still remain littered throughout the country waiting for unsuspecting victims, 40% of them children. For the past 40 years, the Lao Government has focused on rebuilding the infrastructure in its cities before improving its  rural areas, which has left  the country in a severe clean-water and sanitation crisis.  Today, under half of the population of Laos has access to clean, safe drinking water. So Tyson decided that perhaps he could focus less on his material possessions and instead find ways to help. Tyson  told  the conference about his organizations initial accomplishments. Since 2013, Jhai has partnered with the Lao Government; Jhai Coffee Farmers Cooperative (JCFC); and a private water-filter company, TerraClear, to serve 23 schoolsâ€"helping  3,277 children along the way. In less than two years, they  have provided 25 water purification filters (filtering up to 99.99% of bacteria, parasites, and suspended solids); completed 21 WASH programs (Jhai’s Hygiene program); installed seven Unicef-manufactured water pumps at schools that previously had no access; built a coffee storage warehouse for the JCFC where farmers house their coffee in a safe, climate-controlled environment, which increases profits for each family; and  given organic-coffee training to fifteen  member villages for increased quality and future earning potential. All of this because one man said no to the status quo and yes to contribution. Tysons  talk  received a standing ovation, not because of his prowess as a  raconteur (and not because he looks like Ryan Nicodemuss younger brotherâ€"photos below), but because  everyone was moved by  his sincerity, his authenticity, his passion to contribute beyond himself. But what we  didnt know was that when Tyson  took the stage he was terribly ill, and after his heartfelt presentation he was rushed to the emergency room  to receive treatment. The doctors suspected dengue fever. Things didnt look good, and when word got back to the conference, a somber malaise overtook its  attendees.  After hours of waiting, we learned Tyson had a severe case of stomach fluâ€"very severeâ€"but thankfully he was going to be okay. Suffice it to say, we quickly broke out our checkbook, as did others, to help Tyson bring more clean water to his community in Laos. And now, as you can see in the photos below, we want to help Jhai  build a new school for the children in their community.  And  we need some help. About the Pumako School Project Pumako  village has a dilapidated school that needs to be replaced. It was constructed in 1981, and now, 34 years later, there are holes in the roof and dirt for a floor, making the wet and muddy conditions inside the schoolhouse impossible for students to attend classes during the rainy seasons (September, October, April, and May). Mornsy Chommany, Pumakos school director since 1997, first started as a teacher in 1987 (Mornsy is pictured with Tyson below). For 28 years, she has raised her students from young children  to married adults. Today, she teaches  former students children and feels a sense of responsibility to see learning conditions improve as each generation grows up under her care. When Tyson first visited Paksong (Jhai’s home village) in 2010, he built a small storybook library at Pumako  school. On that day, Tyson asked Mornsy what the school’s greatest needs were. Mornsy replied, “Look at the holes in my roof. My dirt floor. When it rains it becomes muddy and I have to cancel class. I need toilets for my children. I need a new school.” Every year for the past five years, Mornsy has made the same request to Jhai. Through this collaboration, we will help Pumako  build a new schoolâ€"making Mornsy and the communitys dream come true. We need to raise $16,500 to make this happen, but we arent doing it alone. Pumako village will invest $2,500, and our friends at Misfit Inc. have agreed to contribute  seven grand.  Which means  The Minimalists and our readers need to raise only $7,000. Joshua and Ryan have donated the initial $1,000, and so we need your help to raise the remaining $6,000. Together, our donations will build an entire school, including three classrooms for 66 children, boys  and girls  toilets, one teachers office, one creative space (library, art supplies, chairs), one swing set and playground area, and an organic-vegetable garden (seeds, wood, and materials). Donate If you are willing to give, The Minimalists are  willing to give back. We have agreed to give something to everyone who donates to this worthy cause. There are a couple  donation options: 1.  GIVING IS LIVING: DONATE $27. If you donate at least $27, you will receive monthly photo  updates from Jhai to keep you informed of the schools progress. You will also be able to  watch the schools opening ceremony online. 2. BUILD YOUR GIVING MUSCLE: DONATE  ANYTHING. Whether you can donate $9  or $900, we could  use your helpâ€"simply  give  whatever you can afford. No matter your donation amount, youll receive the monthly photo updates. Deadlines and Updates DEADLINE: February 28, 2015.  We must  raise this money by February  28th so we can begin to build the school before the rainy season. Well post regular updates below. If we exceed our goal, well use any additional money to build a fence for the school. 2/16/2015 UPDATE: $1,000 of $7,000 raised so far. 2/18/2015 UPDATE:  $5,390 of $7,000. Getting close! 2/19/2015 UPDATE: Great newsâ€"we  reached our goal! You can still donate until February 28th;  all  additional funds will be used to  improve  upon this  school or on similar community projects. Stay tuned for this projects  final totals in our update at the end of the month. 03/01/2015 UPDATE:  Wow! Yallre awesome. Together we raised $30,533.56.  Not only did we reach our goal, but we raised enough additional money  to install solar panels for electricity and build a new fence around the perimeter of the school. Yay! Together we are making a difference. Thank you for being a part of this wonderful gift. We appreciate you. Photos from  the Community Below  are some photos from the school. Special thanks to Berni Xiong for coordinating this entire campaign. We couldntve done it without her. And now we cant do it without you.  Are you willing to help? Yes, giving is living, and sharing is caring. Invite others to give with you:

Essay on It Doesnt Take a Cape or Superpowers to Be a Hero

The former Govenor of Alabama Bob Riley proclaimed, â€Å"Hard times dont create heroes. It is during the hard times when the hero within us is revealed.† The stereotypical image of a hero is a man running around in brightly colored tights with a cape rippling in the wind while they save the world frome evil forces. However, a more realistic image of a hero is in the acts and deeds of ordinary human beings. Some wear suits to work, and some wear protective gear. Others wear dresses, and still others are putting their spiderman lunch boxes into their Power Rangers backpacks. Similar to the fictional superheroes many look up to, these real life heroes have superpowers of their own in the form of characteristics and values. A true hero†¦show more content†¦Knowing that her fate rests in the hands of a man murdering innocent children must have, in some way, scared Soto. However, she did not paralyze in the face of fear, and Soto managed to save her kids. With no regard for her own safety and thinking only of her students, Soto chose to do the right thing. As a teacher, her job is to teach her kids and protect them from all harm. By saving her kids, Soto showed that one single act can affect the lives of those around her. In addition, the first responders to the terrorist attack on 9/11 examplify the theme of bravery and putting themselves in harms way to save others. Police officer and first responder Moira Smith risked her life to help those who needed help on September 11, 2001. Smith was seen, on multiple occasions, carrying out victims in the World Trade Center and running back in to save more Rushing into a burning building while everyone is running out takes strength of character very few will know. The natural instinct a person would experience is to put as much distance between themselves and the danger as possible. However, Smith ran into these burning buildings multiple times with one thought only: to save as many wounded as she could. Regardless of her adrenaline, Smith must have experienced some form of fear while running into the burning buildings. Nonetheless, Smith did not let the fear get to her as she pulled the victims out of the building. The tragedy in her death is only lightenedShow MoreRelatedMy Hero Is My Grandfather896 Words   |  4 Pages A hero is not just a character with superpowers who is dressed in a mask and cape, but someone that others can look up to; someone that makes you want to become a better person. My hero is my grandfather, Gerald â€Å"Fuzzy† Fendrick. My Pop-Pop Fuzzy is my hero, because he is a hard worker who perseveres through adversity, he has a passion for all life has to offer, and he loves his family. My pop-pop has a heart like no other and refuses to let life get in the way of him doing the things he loves mostRead More Batman: Through the Years Essay example2241 Words   |  9 Pagesto my little cousins who play the new Batman videogame incessa ntly. What many people fail to realize though is that the character of Batman has always been evolving, always being modified to fit the purposes of both the medium and the audience. Take for example the Batman television series that lasted from 1966 till 1968. Adam West as Batman, a little lumpy in his Batsuit, would fight crime accompanied by his faithful sidekick, Robin (Burt Ward). They would awkwardly beat up their enemies, (Listen

Analysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World - 1831 Words

How many of us living in the United States manage to find ourselves at the latest holiday sales in order to get those â€Å"must-have† deals of the century? Thanksgiving day is about one month from today. A few hours after the family turkey eating night, people will go to department stores and line up to purchase new clothes, jewelry, and electronics which are heavily discounted. About one month after that day, Christmas and New Year’s Day come. People will, then again, go to department stores and line up to purchase heavily discounted Christmas sales. Being with the family is no longer the only factor to look forward to on these holidays. The discounts that are associated with these holidays has made shopping a tradition that we simply cannot miss. This is a similar situation that occurs in the novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, written in 1931. This novel tells a story about a dystopian future where technology is used to control people - from the way they are bor n or decanted to the way they live their lives as consumers to establish stability in the society. Just like the society in the novel Brave New World, our society is indoctrinated to become consumer. To make matters worse, we are forced to believe that we need to buy goods that we do not really need! We have to start limiting our desire to consume if we do not want to end up living in an unfairly controlled world the novel describes. We have to reduce our impulse to always consume because consuming goods that weShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay986 Words   |  4 PagesMatlen EWRC Period: 1 December 7, 2016 Class Struggle In his text Brave New World Aldous Huxley imagines a society genetically engineered and socially conditioned to be a fully functioning society where everyone appears to be truly happy. This society is created with each person being assigned a social status from birth, much like caste system in modern society or the social or the social strata applied to everyday society. Huxley shows the issues of class struggle from the marxist perspective whenRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay2257 Words   |  10 PagesGiancarlo Ricci LA 9, period 4 October 21, 2016 MAIN THEME:   It is essential to prioritize individual happiness, emotion, and humanity in order for your life to have value. OVERALL TONE: Satirical Novel Cover Art Analysis The novel Brave New World by Aldous Huxley, is set in a â€Å"utopian† society where individuals are born into a strict social destiny and given recreational sex and drugs to maintain universal happiness and social stability. The major theme exhibited is individual happiness, emotionRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World 2445 Words   |  10 PagesFoundations for a Future Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World criticizes a society in which sex is a commodity, self-determination in non-existent, and happiness derives from consumerism. Huxley writes the novel as a warning to both contemporary and future generations of the dangers of progress built upon the wrong foundations. The novel is a portrayal of Huxley’s own society in which talkies, the radio and premarital sex, were on the rise and like many others of his time he believed that moralsRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1278 Words   |  6 Pagesanother note, he said it is â€Å"a potent, even enriching.† Brave New World, by Aldous Huxley, expands on this idea of exilation. Throughout the novel, several characters are faced with being exiled, whether it be from their home or community. In particular, a man by the name of John seems to experience the bulk of it. John’s experiences show that being exiled is alienating and, at the same time, enriching, whi le also portraying the effects of a world with complete government control over technology andRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1420 Words   |  6 Pagesexcessive effort to become perfect can be counteractive and lead to dysfunctionality. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, characters live in a dystopian society that sprouted from the human yearning for perfection. Although the citizens in Brave New World are genetically engineered to be perfect individuals and are on soma constantly to keep them happy and efficient, they lack individuality.. Brave New World is a novel that clearly demonstrates that trying to create a perfect society can result inRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s A Brave New World1708 Words   |  7 Pagessocieties, specifically those of the fictional variety we apply our mashed set of ideals based on truth and happiness on each of these different societies . In Aldous Huxley’s A Brave New World, by conventional societies ideas the citizens of the world state know nothing of traditional reality and by the standards of the traditional world are far from a state of contentment, but if examined by the ideals of the society in question the overall appearance is quite different. the population seems happyRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1591 Words   |  7 Pagesinsignificant in terms of an independent person, and because of this, people have to actively find ways to keep ourselves occupied. Aldous Huxley was born July 26, 1984. His father was a scientist that helped to develop the theory of evolution. Science was obviously a large part of his life and was most likely a key source of inspiration for his book. In Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World, Individualism is a rarity and society is structured to serve a higher class of people. Society is built around five classes;Read MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1079 Words   |  5 Pagesthe corners of the world there are divers e perspectives , that lead to the conclusion that there is no such thing as a Universal Utopia. In Brave New World by Aldous Huxley , we are able to understand the critical differences between our modern day society and the dystopian one created in the novel. There is no such thing as â€Å"perfection† and in order to function everyone should choose who they want to be, which is the complete opposite of the society formed in the Brave New World. In this society thereRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World1492 Words   |  6 PagesDiscussions regarding technology’s risks, benefits and responsibilities neither begin nor end at the inception of Aldous Huxley’s Brave New World. These analyses are held, uneasily, on the fringes of journalism. Huxley’s infamous dystopian science fiction work, as well as his experiences with hallucinogens and mysticism, pinned him onto the intellectual map. Nowadays, in a society that is ruled and run by technology, we can truly recognize certain parallels made between now and his very intuitiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Aldous Huxley s Brave New World Essay1771 Words   |  8 PagesThe World State- Do What You Are Taught This essay will be centered on two of the most important characters Linda and Lenina from Aldous Huxley’s novel Brave New World. The novel talks about a world which is completely different from the contemporary world. The world state in the novel is solely ruled by technologies to produce human beings, drugs to control emotions, hypnopaedic education to brainwash people with certain beliefs and thoughts. In the world state human beings are produced in bulk

The Consequences Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay Free Essays

The job of clime alteration affects the full universe and this is one of the major planetary jobs. The impacts of clime alteration are diverse and could be damaging to one million millions of people across the universe, peculiarly those in developing states, who are the most vulnerable. Many of the effects of clime alteration will hold negative economic effects. We will write a custom essay sample on The Consequences Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The figure of terrible conditions events, for illustration, is likely to increase and escalate as a consequence of clime alteration, which could ensue in one million millions of dollars in economic harm yearly. Climate alteration refers to an addition in mean planetary temperatures. Natural events and human activities are believed to be lending to an addition in mean planetary temperatures. This is caused chiefly by the addition of â€Å" nursery † gases such as Carbon Dioxide ( CO2 ) . The rise of planetary temperatures have been accompanied by alterations in conditions and clime. We can see many negative effects of clime alteration such as oceans warming and going more acidic, ice caps runing and sea degrees lifting. Recently, human activities have released big sums of C dioxide and other nursery gases into the ambiance. The nursery gases effects come from the combustion of fossil fuels to bring forth energy. Furthermore, deforestation, industrial procedures and some agricu ltural patterns besides emit gases into the ambiance which contributes a batch of negative effects to our nature. Harmonizing to the US bureau, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) ( 2010 ) , there are seven indexs which show an addition in a heating universe which are troposphere temperature, humidness, temperature over oceans, sea surface temperature, sea degrees, ocean heat content and temperature over land. In contrary, there are three indexs that result in the decreasing of temperature which are sea ice, glaciers and snow screen. Climate alteration contributes a batch of negative effects because of the addition in planetary temperature which leads to the thaw of ice, effects on agribusiness and alterations in conditions forms. First of wholly, the effects of planetary heating and clime alteration can be black. In fact, world have already witnessed and keeps witnessing negative effects of planetary heating. Climate alteration occurs due to increase of planetary temperature. Global heating caused by air pollution is increasing the sum of C gases, besides known as nursery gases in the Earth ‘s ambiance. The termA greenhouseA is used in concurrence with the phenomenon known as the nursery consequence. Energy from the Sun drives the Earth ‘s conditions and clime, and heats the Earth ‘s surface. In bend, the Earth radiates energy back into infinite. These gases are hence known as nursery gases. The nursery consequence is the rise in temperature on Earth as certain gases in the ambiance trap energy. Greenhouse gases act like a cover around Earth, pin downing energy in the ambiance and doing it to warm up. This phenomenon is called the nursery consequence and is natural and necessary to back up l ife on Earth. However, the physique up of nursery gases can alter Earth ‘s clime and consequence in unsafe effects to human wellness and public assistance and to ecosystems. Harmonizing to Anup Shah ( 2012 ) , six chief nursery gases are carbon dioxide ( CO2 ) , methane ( CH4 ) ( which is 20 times as potent a nursery gas as C dioxide ) and azotic oxide ( N2O ) , plus three fluorinated industrial gases: hydro fluorocarbons ( HFCs ) , per fluorocarbons ( PFCs ) and sulphur hexafluoride ( SF6 ) . Water vapor is besides considered a nursery gas. Greenhouse effects besides have positive effects because without them, heat would get away back into infinite and the Earth ‘s mean temperature would be a batch colder. However, if the nursery consequence becomes stronger, so Earth might no longer be suited for worlds, animate beings and workss to populate in. Human activity has caused an instability in the natural rhythm of the nursery consequence and related procedures. As a conseq uence, the ice caps start to run and increase the sea degree might finally submerge some little islands and gnaw the surface of the mainland. The addition in planetary temperatures leads to the thaw of the snow screen and glaciers in mountains and both poles. If the glaciers melt, the sea degrees will besides lift. Initially, the rise in sea degree would increase merely by an inch or two. But even a modest rise in sea degrees could do deluging jobs for the houses, workss and edifices that are situated in the low-lying countries. There has been much concern about the possibility that planetary heating will do the polar ice caps to run and deluge many coastal metropoliss. In short, if both polar ice caps melted, sea degree would so raise plenty to deluge many coastal countries and alter the universe ‘s coastlines. Furthermore, climate alteration gives a batch of negative effects on agribusiness. The high temperature of the Earth causes the fertile lands to go wastes and unsuitable for agricultural activities. Harmonizing to NOAA ( 2010 ) , climate alteration affects agribusiness on dirt procedures, harvests and grasslands and farm animal. First, effects on dirt procedure. The possible for dirts to back up agribusiness and distribution of land usage will be influenced by alterations in dirt H2O balance. It will increase in soil H2O shortages, for illustration dry soils become even drier. The increased demand for irrigation could better dirt workability in wetting agent parts and diminish poaching and eroding hazard. Second, effects on harvests. The effects of increased temperature and CO2 degrees on arable harvests are more susceptible to altering conditions and field veggies will be peculiarly affected by temperature alterations and H2O shortages will straight impact fruit and vegetable produc tion. Last, there are effects on the grasslands and unrecorded stock. Poultry and unrecorded stock could be exposed to higher incidences of heat emphasis therefore act uponing productiveness. It will increase in disease transmittal by faster growing rates of pathogens in the environment. Therefore, we have to unify in happening positive solutions for these immediate jobs. On the other manus, extreme conditions forms may go more common. The rise of mean temperature produce a variable clime alteration. There are many critical effects of utmost conditions forms such as windstorms, heat moving ridges or drouths, storms with utmost rain or snow and dust storms. Harmonizing to George E. Mash ( 2000 ) , utmost conditions caused by C dioxide ( CO2 ) from autos, industries and power workss, trap heat near the Earth ‘s surface. More heat means more energy. Adding so much energy to the ambiance creates the potency for more extremes. Washington occupants experienced conditions extremes in the autumn of 2006. First, record rains churned up rivers and caused landslides and inundations around Western Washington. Then, as the H2O began to unclutter, a record cold with ice and snowfall paralytic parts of the west side of the province. That was closely followed by record gale force air currents, 14 deceases, extended belongings harm, and yearss of power outages f or 1 million places and concerns in Washington. Climatologists say utmost conditions events will go more common as our clime heats up. In add-on, drouths can impact us on less summer H2O for farms, metropoliss and woods. Worlds, animate beings and workss can non populate with limited H2O supplies. In that instance, we will hunger for H2O if the drouths maintain go oning. Besides, irrigation will be less due to earlier high river flows and diminishing dirt wet. Furthermore, less H2O for metropolis municipal H2O beginnings will impact industries, concerns and householders. With a 3.6 grade heating, drouths will happen more often. To forestall from non holding adequate H2O supplies, we must take safeguard stairss to forestall it from happens. Conservation patterns can assist cut down demand for H2O. Municipalities and irrigation territories need to seek new storage countries to flush out the flow and demand for H2O. If inundations become more utmost and frequently occur, warmer tempera tures result in more winter precipitation falling as rain instead than snow throughout much of the Pacific Northwest. This alteration will ensue in higher winter watercourse flows with more inundations, less winter snow accretion and earlier spring snowmelt. In contrast to more rain when we do n’t necessitate it, there will be less H2O when we do necessitate it. Significant decreases in summer watercourse flow will adversely impact husbandmans who rely on irrigation, occupant and summertime hydropower production. These alterations are likely to increase bing struggles among viing H2O users, made worse by a regional population addition. In decision, we must united and collaborate with each other in order to salvage our female parent nature from the addition in planetary temperature and changing of conditions forms that are progressively widespread. We must take safeguards in order to protect our Earth from utmost clime alteration. There are assorted effects due to climate alteration such as the snow runing in the Arctic is increasing, lifting sea degrees, shriveling land size, natural catastrophes such as inundations, drouths and forest fires and increasing wellness job and affects on cosmopolitan life affect the end product of agricultural merchandises. Therefore, we must take safeguards in order to forestall clime alteration. Among the steps that should be implemented to turn to clime alteration is holding an consciousness run on environmental attention. In add-on, the usage of eco-friendly energy beginnings should be given precedence. Education about the environment should be emphasized in school and environmenta l instruction is besides of import to the older coevals is implemented as a few of them are merely concerned with wealth and net income entirely. Furthermore, information about the effects caused by clime alteration and the impact of environmental pollution should be widely disseminated in assorted ways. The governments should make research diligently on how to cut down planetary heating. Reforestation and recycling plans besides must be done instantly. We must cut down C monoxide emanations by cut downing the usage of private vehicles. By taking a assortment of safeguards, our Earth will be safe from the menace of clime alteration. How to cite The Consequences Of Climate Change Environmental Sciences Essay, Essay examples

Mindset of the Poor in the Philippines Essay Example For Students

Mindset of the Poor in the Philippines Essay The first time I saw some of the terrible conditions that people live in, I was shocked. We were inside the car out to the site, when just along the highway, it seemed as though a little town had appeared, made of more shacks than I had ever seen in one place. There must have been 100 houses made out of rusted corrugated tin sheeting, scraps of wood and street signs. There was no electricity or running water, and garbage was scattered everywhere. Children were playing in the dirt next to clothes hung on barbed wire fences to dry. Not that I was a stranger to the situation, but simply seeing and being reminded of the harsh realities in this world is appalling enough. I admit that I was first reluctant to visit the area knowing what I would be seeing. However, as I went along with the activities, I was just surprised at how my indifference towards the poor turned into a real concern for them. I am thankful for that this outreach activity opened my eyes to see the real situations of my fellow countrymen. At the same time, realizing the plight of others made me feel lucky in a lot of ways. I also came to realize that a lot of times we dont really know the blessings that we have and just take these for granted. What also came to my mind is the upcoming elections. Most of the people there I know for a fact will vote for that person they know could help uplift their situation. I pity them because they have been indoctrinated by such insincere candidates who give them nothing but false hopes, save for some who really want to help but wouldnt win anyway. For me, however, this situation of our countrys poor will not change. I know Im not being optimistic, but its just the reality. With the national elections promising another mediocre candidate, the poor will sure get poorer. Things are not as bright as before and perhaps will never be. No matter how many people or politicians would help these people, they wont really succeed unless they help themselves and change their dependent mindsets.This I believe is the root of poverty. Its a chain of evil that will go on unless one of them will be brave enough like Rizal to go out in the open, slap each of their faces, and tell them to get up and do something. Of course, there are other factors such as corruption and unemployment, but truly if each of them become aware of their situation and act accordingly, things might just get better. As for us students, I believe that it is our role not to spoon feed the poor because it will not do them good. Instead, it is our responsibility to instill awareness, not just to them but also to our peers. Moreover we should be able to facilitate the growth and development of our country by doing our best in our chosen field, while also keeping in mind our social responsibilities.

Exploration of artwork from modern art historyFauvism

Introduction to the project Fauvism was a modernist art style that existed in the early twentieth century; the name was coined from the French phrase ‘Les Fauves’ which in English means ‘the wild beasts’. The movement was named by Louis Vauxcelles who thought that the group’s paintings were wild. It got its symbolic aspect from impressionism and the fact that its art work had a lot of color emphasis.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration of artwork from modern art history:Fauvism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This art period was significantly short as it began in 1904 and continued past 1910. Henri Matisse and Andre Derain were the founders of this art movement which was credited with three successful exhibitions. Fauvism was drawn from a fusion of pointillism, post-impressionism and neo-impressionism. Their paintings were full of color and impressive brush work. Fauvism was also considered as a form of expressionism because it drew its various aspects from impressionism and naturalism. It had its origin in France with the philosophical leadership of Henri Matisse and the radiant color inspiration taught by Gustave Moreau who was a symbolist painter with a strong belief in originality, and the positivity of paintings that were done using pure colors. The initial earth colored art was replaced by colored paintings inspired by the art works of Vincent Van Gogh. Later on, it drew aesthetic influences from African sculptures collected by fauvism artists. The geographic area of the art period This style had its origin in France and was popular among other French artists such as Henri Matisse, Andre Derain, Albert Marquet, Charles Camion, Louis Valtat, Maurice Marinot, Jean Puy, Maurice de Vlaminck, Henri Manguin, Raoul Dufy and Georges Braque. Major art pieces that relate to your topic Henri Matisse; a French artist, sculptor, painter and draughtsman was one of the founders of the Fauvist movement and its philosophical leader. This painting by Henri Matisse was his first work that portrayed impressionism and also the advent of colored painting by the Fauvists. He helped the development of plastic art and practiced classical French painting. This painting was done in neo-impressionist style that expressed emotion using a wild display of colored paintings.Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More French Fauvism co-founder Andre Derain was a painter and sculptor. He worked closely with Matisse in developing the Fauvism art culture. In accordance with this art form, his works had a lot of color filled paintings. He was best known for his paintings of London as this collection of paintings were unique in the colors used and also how he portrayed the English aspect of these pictures. In his London collection he fused the divisionism; that is segregation of colors and pointillist technique which involved painting using a series of dots. This painting is called ‘the drying sails’ and contains colored fragments to indicate water motion. He later drifted into the cubism art form that was inspired by sculpturing. This painting was done by Maurice de Vlaminck who was a painter and later on a writer. He was Fauvist and a key member of the movement who was privileged to paint alongside their founder Matisse. â€Å"The River Seine at Chatou† below is one of his paintings that he used to express emotion and mood using different colors. Othon Friesz was a French born artist who was also a Fauve artist. His painting below is called ‘Roofs and cathedral in Rouen’.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Exploration of artwork from modern art history:Fauvism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Impressionistic painting by Charles Camion Fauve artist Georges Brasque’s painting titled ‘little harbor in Normandy. Raoul Dufy‘s painting called ‘Le cavalier Blanc’, he was a fauvism painter and used water colors. Advertising Looking for essay on art? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Albert Marquet French symbolist painter he worked with Matisse and the painting below is titled ‘port of Marseilles’. This essay on Exploration of artwork from modern art history:Fauvism was written and submitted by user Namor to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Why I want to be an Army Officer Essays

Why I want to be an Army Officer Essays Why I want to be an Army Officer Essay Why I want to be an Army Officer Essay Being an army officer is not an ordinary profession. It requires commitment, dedication, loyalty, selflessness and a whole lot more qualities that makes a person go the extra mile for his country. I have thought long and hard, and without any shadow of doubt, I know that I am ready and prepared to join the army. I want to be an army officer because I strongly believe in the fundamental ideas that this country is founded on, and I am willing to give my life to preserve and protect them. Embarking on this mission is an extreme challenge, and I can say with confidence that I have been looking forward to this moment for as long as I remember.I graduated with a degree in Psychology from Wesley college in Dover and as early as college, I mustered the strength to overcome adversities. I was part of the defensive side of the football team and as the season went on, it became clear that this strategy will not help us win the competition so I had to switch roles from an adversary to a benefact or. I was not particularly fond of the idea, but at that time, I knew that I had to do it for the team.I also had a chance to work for New Behavioral Network for two years. The company was contracted out by the state to work with children suffering from mental disorders. The company gave me the responsibility of creating and implementing a treatment plan with the therapist.I also experienced working in the security department of Bubbas Rock Shack for three years. I covered a large portion of the club with three other security personnel. The owner wanted to resolve conflicts as peaceful as possible, so I was instructed to use verbal persuasion to resolve potential conflicts and to use force as the last option. As a result, my communication skills were honed, and I learned how to be direct and show sympathy at the same time.The biggest test of perseverance in my life happened during my last two years in college. My best friend from high school, both my grandmothers, my two aunts and u ncle died within a span of less than 18 months. Just when I thought that my life hit rock bottom, my mother was diagnosed with cancer and my girlfriend for 7 years broke up with me.Overcoming death and adversity at an early age gives a man a whole new perspective and attitude in life. Making sacrifice for the football team shows that I have loyalty, selfless service and commitment. Moving on through life despite the simultaneous loss of loved ones shows my personal courage and focus, and performing the task entrusted by the employer shows that I have integrity and work ethics.I am aware of the qualifications that the army is looking for in a man, and I can say with utmost confidence that I have what it takes to serve this country not because of everything I went through but mainly because I am willing to devote my whole life and sacrifice my self for it.

Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse Five - Essay Example While in prison, their discussion relates to life under communism. Vonnegut makes clear his antiwar stance. In the years following the war, he encounters ignorance of people about the magnitude of destruction at Dresden. In chapter five, Billy learns about Tralfamadorians and their philosophy of acceptance. By offering the Tralfamadorians theories to the public, Billy extends his optometry practice beyond typical lenses. I cannot ignore the destructive of properties of war. This is a city where fire is raining from the sky. Lives have been lost and property has been destroyed. Dresden is a dead city. This story presents the no subtle destructiveness of the war. For example, Billy is successful in the post war when he becomes the president of Lion Club. He also works as prosperous optometrist. But there is also the illusion of free will. Billy runs up against forces that counter his free will. As a child, his father lets him to sink on the deep end of the pool to teach him how to swim. But Billy’s free will to stay at the bottom of the pool dismays his father. The most difficult thing to discern is Vonnegut admission of inevitability of

Performance Evaluation Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Performance Evaluation Paper - Essay Example Secondly, in his evaluation the manager used terms that were not effective in the evaluation process. Instead of using the terms such as medium or low-medium, the manager could have used evaluation ratings such as outstanding, meets expectations, exceeds expectations, below expectations or unsatisfactorily (Robbins and Judge, 2007). In this way, it was possible for the manager to rate the engineer’s attitude. Thirdly, the current evaluation form used by the manager does not suggest methods of improving the negative aspects of the employees. Part A 1. Definition of the most commonly-used sets of evaluation criteria in organisations Productivity This is the volume of products or services that an employee produces during his or her duties. Employers mostly reward highly productive employees to motivate them and enhance higher productivity. Quality It means the originality of the work done by the employees. It portrays the innovativeness of an employee. Consistency This means prod uction of similar quality and quantity of work. Employers measure constituency by comparing the previous and the current evaluations. Attendance This is the rate at which the employees report to work. It involves checking the attendance records and valid reasons for absenteeism. Adherence to policy It means the extent to which the employees abide to the procedures that are set by the company. Part B. The relative value of the commonly-used evaluation criteria defined in Part A 1 As mentioned in the previous section, employers are keen to reward the employees who portray significant productivity thus motivating them to work hard. Even though the amount of products by the employees is a major evaluation criterion, it should not compromise the quality of the products. This is the major reason as to why managers evaluate the quality of the work done by employees. In the same way, consistency ensures that employees who depicts waxes and wanes during their duties are noted and adequate tr aining done to ensure they maintain unswerving performance (Robbins and Judge, 2007). Attendance ensures that employees are there when they are needed by their employers. Employees who are consistently at work are highly desired by the employers and their co-workers. Adhering to policies set by a company ensures employees’ safety and an improved working environment. Part C. Advantages of including supervisors, peers, and subordinates in the evaluation process It ensures that the ratings are anonymous. In this way, individuals provide open and honest evaluation that cannot be singled out from the multiple sources. In addition, inclusion of the various stakeholders ensures that ratings portray multiple perspectives that are ignored by the top-down technique of evaluation adopted by the traditional appraisals. In the same way, including supervisors, peers, and subordinates during evaluation saves time and it provides helpful performance feedback (Thomas, 1987). This is due to th e fact that there are no comparisons between workers, no goals and there are no figures involved in the process. Part D. Disadvantages of including supervisors, peers, and subordinates in the evaluation process One of the major disadvantages of including supervisors, peers, and subordinates in the evaluation process is that the possibility of giving dishonest feedback is high. For example, subordinates may give dishonest feedback

Artificial Intelligence In Antivirus Detection System Computer Science Essay

Artificial Intelligence In Antivirus Detection System Computer Science Essay Abstract- Artificial intelligence (AI) techniques have played increasingly important role in antivirus detection. At present, some principal artificial intelligence techniques applied in antivirus detection are proposed, including heuristic technique, data mining, agent technique, artificial immune, and artificial neural network. It believes that it will improve the performance of antivirus detection systems, and promote the production of new artificial intelligence algorithm and the application in antivirus detection to integrate antivirus detection with artificial intelligence. This paper introduces the main artificial intelligence technologies,especially Heuristic which have been applied in antivirus system. Meanwhile, it also points out a fact that combining all kinds of artificial intelligence technologies will become the main development trend in the field of antivirus. Keywords- Anti-virus,Artificial Intelligence,Data mining,Heuristic,Neural network Introduction Artificial Intelligence (AI) is the branch of computer science which deals with intelligence of machines where an intelligent agent is a system that perceives its environment and takes actions which maximize its chances of success.It has numerous applications like robotics,medicine,Finance,Space. One of the most recent one is antivirus softwares. Here we give details regarding heuristic method used in antivirus software. Malware and its types Malware (malicious software) is software designed to infiltrate or damage a computer system without the owners informed consent. Malware types We can distinguish quite few malicious software types. It is important to be aware that nevertheless all of them have similar purpose, each one behave differently. Viruses Worms Wabbits Trojan horses Exploits/Backdoors Spyware Due to different behaviour, each malware group uses alternative ways of being undetected. This forces anti-virus software producers to develop numerous solutions and countermeasures for computer protection. This paper focuses on methods used especially for virus detection, not necessarily effective against other types of malicious software. Infection Strategies To better understand how viruses are detected and recognized, it is essential to divide them by their infection ways. A. Non Resident Viruses The simplest form of viruses which dont stay in memory, but infect founded executable file and search for another to replicate. Resident viruses More complex and efficient type of viruses which stay in memory and hide their presence from other processes. Kind of TSR apps. Fast infectors type which is designed to infect as many files as possible. Slow infectors using stealth and encryption techniques to stay undetected outlast. Methods Used A. Metaheuristic Metaheuristic is a heuristic method for solving a very general class of computational problems by combining user-given black-box procedures in a hopefully efficient way. Metaheuristics are generally applied to problems for which there is no satisfactory problem-specific algorithm or heuristic. B. Heuristic Heuristic is a method to help solve a problem, commonly an informal method. It is particularly used to rapidly come to a solution that is reasonably close to the best possible answer. General Heuristics It is important to remember that metaheuristics are only ideas to solve a problem not a specific way to do that. List below shows main metaheuristics used for virus detection and recognition: Pattern matching Automatic learning Environment emulation Neural networks Data mining Bayes networks Hidden Markov models Concrete Heuristics Specific heuristics practically used in virus detection and recognition, are naturally inherited from metaheuristics. And so, for example concrete method for virus detection using neural networks can be implementation of SOM (Self Organizing Map). Neural Networks (metaheuristic) à ¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ SOM (heuristic). The most popular, and one of most efficient heuristic used by anti-virus software is technique called Heuristic Scanning. Lacks in Specific Detection Great deal of modern viruses are only slightly changed versions of few conceptions developed years ago. Specific detection methods like signature scanning became very efficient ways of detecting known threats. Finding specific signature in code allows scanner to recognize every virus which signature has been stored in built-in database. BB ?2 B9 10 01 81 37 ?2 81 77 02 ?2 83 C3 04 E2 F2 FireFly virus signature(hexadecimal) Problem occurs when virus source is changed by a programmer or mutation engine. Signature is being malformed due to even minor changes. Virus may behave in an exactly same way but is undetectable due to new, unique signature. BB ?2 B9 10 01 81 37 ?2 81 A1 D3 ?2 01 C3 04 E2 F2 Malformed signature(hexadecimal) Heuristic Scanning We can recognise a virus without examining its structure by its behaviour and characteristics. Heuristic scanning in its basic form is implementation of three metaheuristics: Pattern matching Automatic learning Environment emulation The basic idea of heuristic scanning is to examine assembly language instruction sequences(step-by-step) and qualify them by their potential harmfulness. If there are sequences behaving suspiciously, program can be qualified as a virus. The phenomenon of this method is that it actually detects threats that arent yet known! Fig1. Examination of assembly language sequence A. Recognising Potential Threat In real anti-virus software, heuristic scanning is implemented to recognize threats by following built-in rules, e.g. if program tries to format hard drive its behaviour is highly suspicious but it can be only simple disk utility. Singular suspicion is never a reason to trigger the alarm. But if the same program also tries to stay resident and contains routine tosearch for executables, it is highly probable that its a real virus. AV software very often classifies sequences by their behaviour granting them a flag. Every flag has its weight, if total values for one program exceeds a predefined threshold, scanner regards it as virus. Fig.2. Single-layer classifier with threshold Heuristics Flags Some scanners set a flag for each suspected ability which has been found in the file being analyzed. This makes it easier to explain to the user what has been found. TbScan for instance recognizes many suspected instruction sequences. Every suspected instruction sequence has a flag assigned to it. A. Flag Description: F = Suspicious file access. Might be able to infect a file. R = Relocator. Program code will be relocated in a suspicious way. A = Suspicious Memory Allocation. The program uses a non-standard way to search for, and/or allocate memory. N = Wrong name extension. Extension conflicts with program structure. S = Contains a routine to search for executable (.COM or .EXE) files. # = Found an instruction decryption routine. This is common for viruses but also for some protected software. E = Flexible Entry-point. The code seems to be designed to be linked on any location within an executable file. Common for viruses. L = The program traps the loading of software. Might be a virus that intercepts program load to infect the software. D = Disk write access. The program writes to disk without using DOS. M = Memory resident code. This program is designed to stay in memory. ! = Invalid opcode (non-8088 instructions) or out-of-range branch. T = Incorrect timestamp. Some viruses use this to mark infected files. J = Suspicious jump construct. Entry point via chained or indirect jumps. This is unusual for normal software but common for viruses. ? = Inconsistent exe-header. Might be a virus but can also be a bug. G = Garbage instructions. Contains code that seems to have no purpose other than encryption or avoiding recognition by virus scanners. U = Undocumented interrupt/DOS call. The program might be just tricky but can also be a virus using a non-standard way to detect itself. Z = EXE/COM determination. The program tries to check whether a file is a COM or EXE file. Viruses need to do this to infect a program. O = Found code that can be used to overwrite/move a program in memory. B = Back to entry point. Contains code to re-start the program after modifications at the entry-point are made. Very usual for viruses. K = Unusual stack. The program has a suspicious stack or an odd stack. Avoiding False Positives Just like all other generic detection techniques, heuristic scanners sometimes blame innocent programs for being contaminated by a virus. This is called a false positive or False Alarm. The reason for this is simple. Some programs happen to have several suspected abilities. If a heuristic scanner pops up with a message saying: This program is able to format a disk and it stays resident in memory, and the program is a resident disk format utility, is this really a false alarm? Actually, the scanner is right. A resident format utility obviously contains code to format a disk, and it contains code to stay resident in memory. The heuristic scanner is therefore completely right! You could name it a false suspicion, but not a false positive. The only problem here is that the scanner says that it might be a virus. If you think the scanner tells you it has found a virus, it turns out to be a false alarm. However, if you take this information as is, saying ok, the facts you reported are true for this program, I can verify this so it is not a virus, I wouldnt count it as a false alarm. The scanner just tells the truth. The main problem here is the person who has to make decisions with the information supplied by the scanner. If it is a novice user, it is a problem. Whether we call it a false positive or a false suspicion doesnt matter. We do not like the scanner to yell every time we scan. So we need to avoid this situation. How do we achieve this? Definition of (combinations of) suspicious abilities Recognition of common program codes Recognition of specific programs Assumption that the machine is initially not infected Performance of Heuristics Scanning Heuristics is a relatively new technique and still under development. It is however gaining importance rapidly. This is not surprising as heuristic scanners are able to detect over 90% of the viruses without using any predefined information like signatures or checksum values. The amount of false positives depends on the scanner, but a figure as low as 0.1% can be reached easily. A false positive test however is more difficult to perform so there are no independent results available. Pros and Cons A. Advantages Can detect future viruses. User is less dependent on product updates. B. Disadvantages False positives are possible. Judgment of the result requires some basic knowledge. Conclusions Thus, artificial intelligence technique helps improving the performance of antivirus softwares. This detection-avoiding method makes detection by conventional anti-virus products easier because it means that the programmer can not use very tight and straight code. The virus writer will be forced to write more complex viruses. Thus artificial intelligence increases the threat to virus writers. Acknowledgment I hereby thank Ms.Padmapriya for encouraging and helping us for the submission of this paper

Red Bull Essay

What markets does Red Bull attempt to reach? How do marketing mix elements and target markets combine to form the firm’s marketing strategy? The marketing mix for Red Bull consists of the following: Product: Energy drink Price: $1. 99 (premium) Distribution: Across clubs and similar outlets, mass merchandisers Marketing Communication: Word-of-mouth to television advertising Red Bull attempts to reach extremists, sports enthusiasts, 18 to 24 year olds, women, as well as health conscious consumers, and recently age groups of 30 and above. Marketing mix elements and target markets combine to form Red Bull’s initial marketing strategy which reaches out to extremists, those who are into the adrenaline rushing sports and activities. Since Red Bull is an energy drink, this approach worked well. With the premium price and through word-of-mouth, Red Bull was able to maintain 70 percent of the market. However, as competition began to rise, Red Bull needed to market beyond the extreme market and toward age groups above 24 year olds. Still, competition continues to increase, and now Red Bull is expanding their target market to less extreme sports enthusiasts such as golfers, women, and health conscious consumers. By marketing toward golfers and women, Red Bull shows that anyone can enjoy their product and not just male extremists. Because consumers are becoming more health conscious, Red Bull produced their sugar-free version for those who want to watch their carbohydrates. Overall, as competition continues to increase, Red Bull’s marketing strategy has involved target market expansion as well as some product development and new advertising techniques. . What growth strategies seem to offer the most likely opportunities for the future? The growth strategies that seem to offer the most likely opportunities for Red Bull’s future are their expansion into less extreme sports and the female population. Because Red Bull is an energy drink, most consumers think that its primary purpose is to boost the ener gy of those who are hammering it out on the field, court, or wherever the action may be. However, Red Bull can be used as a simple pick me up when you’re feeling tired or just worn out. This can occur mostly in the work environment. By carrying a can of Red Bull, you can boost your energy level when it seems you’re not going to make it through the shift. Similarly, Red Bull’s initial target was not towards women. Currently, Red Bull is working on expanding their product to women who, just like men, can enjoy the boost Red Bull gives you. With the expansion of their target market, along with new advertising techniques, Red Bull can better promote their product and keep up with the competition instead of falling behind as they have been. 3. What ethical issues are faced by the company? The two predominant ethical issues that are faced by Red Bull are their choice for a target market and the uses for their drink. The specific target market in question is the 18 to 24 year olds. Red Bull has marketed to this particular group because it is comprised largely of college students. Red Bull can be used to give these college students an energy boost when they need to spend all night studying or just to have fun. The problem, however, is that the energy drink is full of caffeine and other ingredients which may prove harmful to those who consume too much at one time. Marketers of Red Bull realize that college students have a need for the extra boost of energy so they have pinpointed them for consumption of their energy drink. Critics believe large amounts of consumption may have harmful effects and this has raised many issues concerning the drink. The other issue is the use of Red Bull in alcoholic drinks. Concerns have risen regarding the mixture of alcohol and Red Bull because of the dangers associated with it. Alcohol by itself already causes numerous problems. If the energy drink full of caffeine is added to alcohol, the harm could become great. This in itself worries critics of Red Bull. Not only does the drink by itself cause concerns, but mixing alcohol with it raises even more issues. 4. As Red Bull expands to other countries, what international marketing issues must be considered? With their international expansion, Red Bull’s marketers must take into account the selection of an entry strategy and deciding on a strategic orientation. Red Bull must choose between three options for an entry strategy: exporting, direct investment, or joint ventures. For strategic orientation, Red Bull has the choice of a standardized marketing strategy or a customized marketing strategy. By choosing a standardized marketing strategy, Red Bull would develop and implement the same product, price, distribution, and promotion in all international markets. On the other hand, with a customized strategy, Red Bull would develop and implement a different targeting mix for each target market country. Like with any expansion situation, Red Bull needs to study the markets within the international countries. Just because their marketing techniques work in the United States, doesn’t mean they’ll work the same internationally. Every country is different. Every market segment is different. For instance, demand and product usage differs from market segment to market segment. Red Bull must also take into account government regulations and laws as they differ from country to country. Not only that, but Red Bull has to realize differences in consumer behavior patterns as well as competition. As Red Bull plans to expand international, there are many aspects they must take into account before doing so. If Red Bull wants to be successful, they must spend a tremendous amount of time researching all the international markets in order to become more aware of each segments needs and desires.

The Cost of Success

The Cost of Success In college, students deal with multiple stress factors and finances should not be included. Numerous of students graduate high school each year and only a select decide to further their education. These students should be able to attend college without worry. College helps students choose a career and prepare for life after their graduation. A student stressing over how they're going to pay for their textbooks or what they're going to eat for dinner because a meal plan wasn't affordable shouldn't even be an issue. College can be an overwhelming experience and even more overwhelming for those who need financial needs met.Being an out-of-state student with no type of grants helps me relate to these situations. Students who are able to focus on school and stress less about finances are more likely to strive in their classes and graduate with a higher grade point average. By having costless tuitions, allotting an amount in a food stipend every month, and giving out-of -state students top priority in campus housing can eliminate stress and build a brighter future for the college students of America. Students should be able to graduate high school with the only concern of being admitted to the school of their choice.Worrying about how tuition will be covered is Just adding to the chaos. Many students graduate high school with the hopes of getting in college but know it is financially impossible for their family. Sure, loans may help but once a student graduates and is ready to start their career, every month they have to pay back what the government loaned them to attend college. For the past two years, I have not received any type of grant for school because my parent's retirement is figured into my financial aid award decision. My parents have worked hard for their retirement and they shouldn't have o use this to pay for my schooling.Tuition should be free for all students who are enrolled full time, maintain a 2. 5 GPA or higher, and have a clea n criminal record. This can really eliminate stress not only from the students, but the parents as well. There are many people in the United States that benefit from the government's Food Stamp program. The program gives a person a roll-over monthly stipend according to their income and household dependent amount. For college students, if you do not have a child, you must be working at least 20 hours a week Just to receive any ood stamps.In some states, college students aren't even eligible for food stamps because the government uses their tuition as income, which results in rejection due to the high amount. Every college student that stays on or off campus, does not have a meal plan, enrolled as a full time student, and maintains a 2. 0 GPA or above, should be allotted at least $250 a month in food stamps. For a student who doesn't receive any financial aid, a meal plan can be very costly. Having to work while being a full time student to provide groceries every month is almost rid iculous. This can resolve umerous money issues as well as stress.Campus housing is another college stressor, especially if a student doesn't have enough money to even cover the residential fees. Many students travel miles and miles each year to attend the school of their choice. Is it fair that these out-of-state students have to compete with in- state students tor housing? Searching tor an apartment trom a ditterent state can extremely challenging, when this can simply be resolved by giving out-of-state students priority in campus housing. Being from North Carolina, I considered on campus housing but I was declined due to over capacity.Because of this I had to search for an apartment through the internet; this was extremely challenging. It is understandable that some college campuses may have limited space for all their students; however, out-of-state students should have priority before spaces are occupied. These solutions may seem abstract but they allow students to stay focused on their academics. Finances are stressful for college students and also adults who have already established a career. It is more important to target the younger community because they hold the key to the world's future.Students who are able to e stress free of basic needs and stay driven to complete school will succeed. They will not only succeed, but be the top of their succeeding class. College altogether is overwhelming, so why add more to a college student's plate? Costless tuition, monthly food stipends, and priority housing for out-of-state students are the solutions that will make a drastic difference in the college environment. Imagine how these solutions can help students succeed in the career they actually want to pursue. This entire world could be made over into a place much more promising for rising adults, like myself

Personal Statement on Medical Research - 881 Words

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